Two-part rudder for ships



March 12, 1929. M. oERTz 1,705,133

Two-rim numana For: Sutri origina: med Nov, 17. 192s /Nve/v Taf? Patented Mar. 12,n 1929. v

UNITED `armas 1,705,133* 4PATILN'P oFFicE.

Max oERTz, `or naivruae,i GERMANY.

TWO-PART RUDDER FOR SHIPS.

Original application This applicationis ya division of application No.148,921, filed November 1 19.26.

In' a previous patent the present applicant has described an invent-ion for a two-/part rudder, which, beingspacedaway from the ships hull, is of a cutwater form. This apparatus is characterized by the feature that the oscillatable rear part of the rudder device is made' longer than the front part, which is rigidly connected withfthe ships hull, and that the cross-section ofthe oscillatable part at its broadest part is greater than the crossseetion .of the stationary front part at its broadestpart, the two parts beingpivoted to one another atabout the position of greatest thickness', so that when the helm is deflected,

a form resembling that of the supporting plane of an aeroplane is obtained..

The further developments of this invention form the subject-matter of the present appli# cation. All the constructional forms serve to improve the action of the steering gear. According to the iirst sconstructional form an improvement admits of being obtained by the inclined position of the rudder post, Fig. 1, in..

n accordance with the inclined lateral direction of the screw-water stream.

y It is'known thatthe` obliquecolumn of `water thrown by the screw, in single screw ships, always renders necessary a slight delection of the rudder for the purpose of maintaining a course straight ahead. Efforts have therefore been 'made by means of guiding devices, such as guide-blades and-the like tted' to the post, to impart to the screw-water-m stream a i-dance in the direction of its rotation. uch blade-like devices are, however, very sensitive.

In contrast thereto the applicant arranges in' the simplest manner a stationary guide body which constrains the stream of Water to give up its rotary direction of movement and IViow towards the movable rudder body.

In` relation to the direction of rotation of the water current. from the screw in single screw ships, thestationary guide body, according to the new constructional form of the invention, isdisplaced through a small angle in its position relative to the longitudinal ships plane. Bythis means even the last twisting eifects of the screw race are eliminated. By` the term longitudinal ships plane is mea-nt in this speciiication the plane intersecting the ship vertically in a longitudinal direction passing through the keel.

filed .November 179 1926, Serial No. 148,921., and in Germany'April 15, 1926. Divided and this application filed October 4, .1928. Serial No. 310,329.

ample on the line A-B according toF ig. 1,

from which it can be seen that the steering gear has at the top and at the bottom substantlally similar cutwater cross sections in accordance with the introduction to the specification, but towards the middle (compare Fig. 2) becomes thicker. In the case of this construe-tional form also every horizontalsection individually has the form whichvis characteristic of the entire steering gear accordlng to Fig. 1. The vertical sectional elevation at right angles to the longitudinal ships plane therefore does not constitute a rectangle, but exhibits arcuate lateral outlines, as at b in Fig. 2. The upper and lower edges a of the rudder inay also be rounded to` an-arc, as indicated in vdotted lines in Fig. 2.' A further improvement in single screw shlps` may now be empibyed on. the vrudder body, 1n such a way that the movable rudder body is not unitarily constructedbut lconsists of two angularly dis laced rudder elements, the rear edges ofwhich exhibit the greatest lateral convexity, approximately in the centre ofthe rudder at the level of the propeller shaft, and towards the top and bottom again approaches the longitudinal ships plane, 'these rudder elements, seen in horizontaland. vertical section, admitting of having the/ fundamental forms `according to Figs. 1 and 2. Q, A

lThe adapting of a rudder to the screwwaterstream by shaping itlwith twisted surfaces 1s alreadyknown. As contrasted with this'formation, wherein itis not a question of shown in Fig. 4. The figures show, in a man-l ner which will be immediately obvious to the technical man, the entire arrangement, more particularly the form of the movable rudder body.

Fig. 5 shows the corresponding side elevation.

The present'invention has 4the particular advantage of being capable of being readily fitted to ships that are 'already finished, since for the rudder post only a sheath is required,

which is constructed in accordance with the fundamental idea of the present invention, and the back piece ofthe rudder may also be easily shaped or sheathed to cutwater form.

Any sheathing of the stationary rudderv post in this manner already brings with it 'a 'thickening which would come under the pro- The apparatus in 'all the methods of conv struction described, is obviously adapted not merely for lateral steering but also f or depth steering in submarine vessels. For this kind of steering also the same is completely new in all methods of construction and can be particularly advantageously employed.

It is also obvious in the ideas of the present invention, to combine the features of theinvention from one\ case to another for the best result or to employ them individually.

Since each feature ofl each constructional form characterized in the individual claims is completely new in itself and is important for the attaining of a better action-of the entire apparatus, the protection should eX- pressly extend both to the use of the individual features by themselves according to the individual claims, and also to anyl desired combination of the` individual features-with one another, since after the disclosure of the present invention it is a simple matter for a technical man to choose the combination, for example between lateral and depth rudders, barrel shape or oblique position of the guiding body, which is'most suitable for the particuiar purpose.

What I claim is:

1. A two-part cutwater-shaped rudder comprising a front part or fixed guide body and an oscillatable re'ar part', the oscillatabley maximum thickness, so that when'the rudder is deiiected, a form resembling. that. of the supporting surface of an aeroplane lis produced, characterized by the feature that said guide body is so(r arranged that its center line makes a small angle with the longitudinal ships plane.

2. A two-part cutwater-shaped rudder as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the feature that the entire apparatus has arcuate lateral boundaries in avertical sectionI at right angles to the longitudinal ships plane.

`3. A two-part cutwater-shaped :rudder as claimed in claim '1, characterizedby the fea# ture that the movable rudder body consists of two angularly displaced rudder elements, the rear edges of which have their greatest lateral convexity at the level of the propeller shaft and come nearer to the longitudinal ships plane again in an upward and downward direction.

4; A two-part cutWater-shaped rudder as claimed/in claim 1, characterized bythe fea a depth rudder, the guide bodyofFwhich being so arrangedithat its center line makes a small angle with the horizontal plane extending through the axis'of-the propeller.

5. A two-part.cutwater-shaped' rudder as lclaimed in claim 1, characterizedby the feature that the entire device is constructed as a depth rudder havlng at its upperjandlower surface arcuate outlines in a vertical section at right angles to the longitudinal-ships plane. Y

6. A two-part cutwater-shaped r der as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the feature that the entire device -is constructed as awdepth rudder the movable rear bod of which consisting of twoangularly disp aced rudder elements, the rear edges of which have their greatest lateral convexity Aat the level of the propeller shaft and come nearer again Ato the horizontal plane extending through" the axis of the propeller towards the lateral outlines. y

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

MAX OERTZ.

tiire. that the entire device is constructed asi 35 

